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Lynkeos Lynkeos is a Cocoa (Mac OS X) application dedicated to the processing of astronomical (mainly planetary) images taken with a webcam through a telescope. It runs on Intel Macintoshes. It is optimized for vectorized instructions sets (SSE) and for multi-processor and multi-core machines.The following software packages display or manipulate the relativelysimple class of FITS data files that containing 2-dimensional images, often of celestial objects in the night sky. It should be noted that FITS is a very generaldata format that is used for many different typesof astronomical data sets, so these packages are not necessarily capable ofreading every type of FITS file.Developers of new image display programs should be aware of the special requirements foreffectively displaying FITS images. FITS Image Viewers
*This software is an open source program used for image processing. This can be used for a variety of work like rescaling, cropping, gamma correction, color balancing as.
*Windows and OS X Support Nebulosity is a cross-platform application. It runs natively in Windows (Win7-32/64, 8, 10) and in OS X 10.7-10.14 (Intel only - Version 2 supported PPC processors - Version 3.0.7 was the last to support OS X 10.5). While Nebulosity itself is fully cross-platform, many of the camera drivers required for image capture are not. Under OS X, camera control and image.
*Image viewers for PC and Macs - an extensive listing of commercial and freeware image processing software compiledby the Astronomy Education Committee.
*Aladin - Interactive Sky Atlas
*APLpy - Astronomical Plotting Libraryin Python is a Python module aimed at producing publication-quality plots of astronomical imaging data in FITS format.
*Aperture Photometry Tool -interactive software tool for visualizing and performing aperture photometrymeasurements on astronomical images.
*ASTAP: viewer, image stacker, plate solver This program, available as an executable on Windows, Macs and most varieties of Linux, supports 8, 16, and 32 bit integerimages and also 32-bit floating point. including images using FITS compression. Users can determine the astrometric properties of images, stack and display them,including blind solving of the astrometry of each image using the GAIA database.
* AstroImageJ: processing, modeling and plotting astronomical image data in one package based upon the ImageJ Java library.
*Avis FITS Viewer - a FITS viewer for Windows. Only reads 8 and 16 bit FITS images.Converts to RAW, TIF, TGA, BMP, and JPEG formats
*CCDLAB- a FITS image viewer and data reducer for Windows platformsbased upon the JPFITS FITS file interface.Features includefunctionality for manipulating the image data and header keywords,batch processing, general image reduction, source detection,and automatic or manual World Coordinate solutions.
*Clearsky viewer- a javascript library for viewing a FITS image. Features include multiple regions of interest, stats, contrast, magnifying glass andmore.
*ds9 (SAOImage ) - astronomical visualization application from SAO
*FITS Liberator - a plug-in for Adobe Photoshop for manipulating FITS format images. Also works withPhotoshop Elements 2. Includes a short introduction toastronomicalimage processing.
*Fits4Win2 Viewer (shareware with free beta version)- a FITS viewer for Windows. Works as an extension to Windows Explorer and includessupport for viewing thumbnail images of FITS files.
*FitsPlug v2.0 (shareware with free beta version)- a FITS plug-in for Adobe Photoshop for Windows
*FITSview - FITS image viewer from NRAO
*fv - FITS file viewer and editor (supports FITS images and FITS tables)
*GAIA - an image display and analysis tool from the U.K. Starlink Project. It is a derivativeof the ESO SkyCat tool
*giv - A cross platform (posix andWindows) image viewer designed especially for scientific vision and computational geometry. Supports interactivebrightness and contrast adjustment of 2D images and 3D cubes in various dataformats, including FITS. Also supports drawing vector graphics on top of the image.
*GLnemo2 - aninteractive 3D visualization program for n-body snapshots which supports2D and 3D FITS data, as well as other data formats. GLnemo2 is open source, multi-platform (linux, MacosX, windows), and uses qt5 API and openGL hardware acceleration.
*ImageJ - a public domain, Java-based image processing program developed at the National Institutes of Health. ImageJ was designed with an open architecture that provides extensibility via Java plugins and recordable macros. It supports 8-bit and 16-bit integer and 32-bit floatingpoint images and RGB color images.
*ImageTOOLSca (shareware, with a free trial period) - a FITS image viewer for Windows. Supports 16 and 32 bit integer FITS images.It can convert to or from other image formats such as TIFF, JPG, BMP, and Photoshop PSD, and can create AVI animations from a sequence of images.Also supports some image processingtasks such as bias subtraction and flatfielding.
*JS9 - next generation astronomical visualization from SAO for both desktop and web applications.
*KStars -KStars is free, open source, cross-platform (Linux, OSX, Windows) Astronomy Software. It provides an accurate graphical simulation of the night sky, from any location on Earth, at any date and time. KStars FITS Viewer tool supports grey scale and color (3D Cube) across all bit depths. It can display captured images from INDI cameras and video cameras.
*Libvips -a fully demand-driven, threaded image processing library with no image size limits and with good support for colour. Reads and writes FITS images, as well asTIFF, JPEG, PPM, PNG, and other file formats. Has interfaces to C, C++ and Python,and a command-line interface that can be called from shell scripts.
*MicroObservatoryImage 2.0 - astronomical image display program works with FITS and GIFimages on PCs and Macs. Can also perform mathematical image processingoperations on multiple images.
*PhAst - A flexible IDL tool to display and analyze FITS images. It can calibrate raw images, provide astrometric solutions, and do circular aperture photometry. PhAst allows the user to load, process, and blink any number of images. Requires either an IDL license, or installation of the (free) IDL Virtual Machine.
*QFitsView - An image viewer for 1-D, 2-D, and 3_D FITS images. It is written in C++ and uses the Qt widget library. Binary executables for Microsoft Windows, Linux, and Mac OSX, as well as the source code, are available.
*RSpec - A Windows software package with manyspectroscopic analysis features that can process 2D FITS images and 1D tables. Canremove background, rotate, extract and process profiles.30-day free trial version available.
*SkyCat - ESO tool combines image visualization and access to catalogs
*Tria -an advanced image processing suite for Windows platforms (only), including deconvolution, image registration, and noise filtering functions. SupportsFITS, TIFF, BMP, JPEG, PNG, and WMF image formats.
*xv (shareware) - interactive imagemanipulation program for X Window systems
*xINDI - xINDI is a suite of native astronomical software tools for MacOS X built around INDI standard. It consists of binary INDI distribution wrapped into INDI Server application, INDI Control Panel application and FITS Viewer. The viewer is based on CFITSIO library and supports all standard monochromatic and color FITS image formats. It shows both an image (zoomed and stretched automatically, but manual correction of black and white point is available) and the image metadata.Image Format Converters - FITS to/from GIF, JPEG, etc
*Netpbm - a package of graphics programs and programming library. Thedocumentation is on-line.In particular, see the fitstopmnandpmntofits programs. To first order, the following command converts a jpeg image to a FITS image on most Linux systems: djpeg file.jpg | pnmtofits > file.fits where ’djpeg’ is available in the libjpeg RPM package.
*ImageMagick - read, write, and manipulate images in over 68 formats
*pbmplus - image file format conversion package
*gimp - GNU Image Manipulation Package
*FITS2jpeg - a FITS to jpeg converter provided by Bill Cotton (NRAO). It needs the CFITSIO and libjpeg libraries and produces grayscale images.
*SAOImage ds9 - this FITS visualization application from SAO allows the image tobe saved as a jpeg, tiff, png, or ppm file on disk (use File->Saveas->Image...). This currently requires Ghostscript version 6.5 or higherin the path. From there one can go to gif format using xv. Anotheroption to is save the image as Postscript (File->Print...->File...) andthen use Ghostscript to convert to gif. (Provided gs was build witha corresponding gif driver included). The ds9 operations can bebuilt into a script using the XPA mechanism.
As an example, the following command will open the file ’name.fits’, zoom it to fit the window,save it in JPEG format to the file ’filename.jpeg’, and then exit
ds9 name.fits -zoom to fit -saveimage jpeg filename.jpeg -exit
Other output image formats, besides jpeg, are png, tiff, ppm, and mpeg.Optionally, one can add ’-zscale’ or ’-geometry 800x800’ options to customizethe output image. These options and more are described using ’ds9 --help’.
*MicroObservatoryImage 2.0- Image display and processing program can perform FITS to GIF conversion and create RGB color images or animated GIF files.
*fts2gif - a simple FITS to gif converter written by Michal Szymanski (Warsaw University Observatory). It requires the’raw2gif’ application from the giflib-3.0 library (Linux and Solaris versions of raw2gifare included in the fts2gif tar file).
*ImageTOOLSca - (shareware, with a free trial period) converts 16 and 32 bitinteger FITS images to or from other formats such as TIFF, JPG, BMP, and Photoshop PSD, and can create AVI animations from a sequence of images.
*VOConvert- a tool for converting ASCII or FITS tables toVOTable format.This tool was developed as part of the Virtual ObservatoryIndia initiative.Notes Regarding the Display of FITS Images
An application intended to render a FITS image for viewing by a user has significantly more responsibility than an application intended to handle other standard image formats (e.g., ’jpg’ or ’gif’ images). FITS data arrays contain elements which typically represent the values of a physical quantity at some coordinate location. Consequently they need not contain any pixel rendering information in the form of transfer functions, and there is no mechanism for color look-up tables. An application should provide this functionality, either statically using a more or less sophisticated algorithm, or interactively allowing a user various degrees of choice.(See also, ashort introduction to astronomical image processing).
Furthermore, the elements in a FITS data array may be integers or floating point numbers. The dynamic range of the data array values may exceed that of the display medium and the eye, and their distribution may be highly nonuniform. Logarithmic, square-root, and quadratic transfer functions along with histogram equalization techniques have proved helpful for rendering FITS data arrays. Some elements of the array may have values which indicate that their data are undefined or invalid; these should be rendered distinctly.
The data array in a FITS image must have a dimensionality between 1 and 999, the boundaries inclusive, indicated by the NAXIS keyword. The extent of any coordinate axis in a FITS data array may, however, consist of only a single element. Hence an algorithm designed to render two-dimensional images will be capable of displaying a three- or four-dimensional FITS array when one or two of the axes consist of a single pixel.
Three-dimensional data arrays (NAXIS=3 with multiple elements along each) are of special interest. Inspection of the World Coordinate System (WCS) keywords in an image with NAXIS = 3 or more may indicate that one of the axes is temporal. Writers of viewer applications should consider presenting such an image in a fashion akin to that used for an animated GIF. Even in the absence of WCS indication of a temporal axis this time-lapse display technique can be effective, and application writers should consider offering it for all three-dimensional arrays.
A FITS image with NAXIS=1 is a one-dimensional entity such as a spectrum or a time series. Writers of applications intended to handle these one-dimensional FITS images should consider presenting such an image as a graphical plot rather than as a two-dimensional picture with a single row.Home | Verifier |News | Docs | WCS | Samples | Libraries | Viewers | Utilities | Keywords | Conventions | ResourcesLast revised: Sunday, 17-Jan-2021 17:35:01 ESTContact us: fits @ fits.gsfc.nasa.govHosted by: The HEASARC (High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center)Responsible NASA representative: Dr. Alan P. SmalePrivacy, Security & Accessibility Statements.
The Astronomy Tools Action Set (sometimes called “Carboni’s Tools”) is a collection of one-click Photoshop “actions” that allow you to save time during the image processing stages of astrophotography. Astrophotography by Scott Rosen, Dark Nebulae, IC, Sh, B, Vdb, and Abell Nebulae, Reflection Nebulae, Open Clusters, Abell Galaxies, Spiral Galaxies, Galaxy Clusters, Planetary Nebulae, Globular Clusters, Elliptical Galaxies, Messier Galaxies, NGC Galaxies, Galaxies by Catalog, Arp Galaxies, IC Galaxies, Other Galaxies, Emission Nebulae, Supernova Remnants, Nebulae by Catalog, Messier Nebulae. Noel Carboni Astronomy Tools Worth Buying? - posted in DSLR & Digital Camera Astro Imaging & Processing: Hi all, Im looking for advice and opinions concerning Noel Carbonis Astronomy Tools (Photoshop action tools). Are these actions an aid in developing or fixing your astro photos? Do any of you use these actions as a normal part of your image processing workflow. Are they worth the price of. Astronomy Tools Action Set Review. The Astronomy Tools Action Set (sometimes called “Carboni’s Tools”) is a collection of one-click Photoshop “actions” that allow you to save time during the image processing stages of astrophotography.Processing astronomy pictures has always stressed computer systems. (Newer DSLR cameras, like my Nikon D610 with 24.3 megapixel images or my D810 with 36 MP (and now D850 with 45.7 megapixels), also create large files that are difficult for even fast computers to handle in bulk.) New image processing techniques, such as drizzle and deconvolution algorithms, are extremely computer-intensive. (More on the equipment used to capture the images is here.)Software for Image Processing It turns out I’ve acquired and use quite a number of astronomy and image processing titles. The following work OK with Windows 7, 64bit:
*PixInsight
*MaximDL 5 - Controls the SBIG ST-8300M camera and filter wheel, also does batch image process which I use for image reduction (i.e., flats, darks, etc.)
*Nebulosity - Control the QHY8 CCD camera, capture .fit files...
*Photoshop - Check image quality while imaging, and final processing; it is the last tool I use to process images for publication (CS2 and CS5)
*Registar - Combine images, my primary ’stacking’ tool
*ImagesPlus - Process DSLR images
*Neat Image - Noise reduction
*Noel Carboni’s Astronomy Tools - Photoshop actions to do things like select stars and tighten them up
*GradientXterminator - Photoshop plugin to remove unwanted gradients
*Deep Sky Stacker - Drizzle combinations and some stacking
*The Sky (I have 5, 6, and X)Not in use:
*GoldFocus - Software that works in conjunction with a bahtinov mask to analyze and announce focus corrections - did not work well for me
*CCDSoft - This came with my SBIG ST-8300 camera. Prerelease v206 controls the new filter wheel. This software performs many of the functions of the separate programs below. I find it also has many annoying behaviors, especially when focusing with the focus windows being tiny and partially hidden.
*AIP4WIN - deconvolution - seems to have stopped working after an upgrade somewhere but I haven’t pursued itHardware for Image ProcessingNew Desktop July 2019 System:
*Processor: Intel Core i9-9900K Desktop Processor 8 Cores up to 5.0 GHz Turbo unlocked LGA1151 300 Series 95W
*CPU Cooler: (Going with an air-cooled solution for now) Noctua NH-D15, Premium CPU Cooler with 2x NF-A15 PWM 140mm Fans
*64GB Memory: CORSAIR DOMINATOR PLATINUM 64GB (4x16GB) DDR4 3200MHz C16 Desktop Memory - CMD64GX4M4C3200C16
*Motherboard: ASRock Z390 Taichi Ultimate (link) - This is one of the few Mobos that supports 8 SATA channels, which I really needed due to the large # of disk drives I run to hold all my pics
*Graphics Card (2070): EVGA GeForce RTX 2070 XC Ultra Gaming, 8GB GDDR6, Dual HDB Fans & RGB LED Graphics Card 08G-P4-2173-KR
*Case: Phanteks Enthoo Series Primo Aluminum ATX Ultimate Full Tower Computer Case PH-ES813P_BL (link)
*OS/Boot Drive: Samsung 970 EVO Plus Series - 1TB PCIe NVMe - M.2 Internal SSD (MZ-V7S1T0B/AM)
*Working Photographs Drive: Samsung 970 EVO Plus Series - 2TB PCIe NVMe - M.2 Internal SSD (MZ-V7S2T0B/AM)
*Optical Drive: LG Electronics 14x SATA Blu-ray Internal Rewriter without Software, Black (WH14NS40)
*Power Supply: EVGA Supernova 850 G3, 80 Plus Gold 850W, Fully Modular, Eco Mode with New HDB Fan, 10 Year Warranty, Includes Power ON Self Tester, Compact 150mm Size, Power Supply 220-G3-0850-X12019 Laptop:
*Dell XPS 15 7590
*9th Generation Intel(R) Core(T M) i9-9980HK (16MB Cache, up t o 5.0 GHz, 8 cores)
*NVIDIA(R) GeForce(R) GTX 1650 4GB GDDR5
*15.6’ 4K UHD (3840 x 2160) InfinityEdge Anti-Reflective Touch IPS 100% AdobeRGB 500-Nits d isplay
*32GB DDR4-2666MHz, 2x16G
*2TB PCIe Solid State Drive6-Cell 97WHr Integrated
*130W Power AdapterOld Laptop: I acquired a new laptop for field processing 4/2014: ASUS ROG G750JZ-DS71 17.3-inch Gaming Laptop, GeForce GTX 880M Graphics
*Intel Core i7-4700HQ 2.4Ghz (Turbo 3.4 GHz)
*24 GB DDR3 (twice my desktop’s memory!)
*1TB 7200 rpm HD, 128GB x 2 (256 GB Total) Solid-State Drive
*17.3-Inch matte screen, 1920x1080 pixels (’full HD’), contrast 950:1, color gamut 95% of sRGB and 74% of Adobe RGB
*Blu-ray BD-ROM
*Windows 8.1 - Quite a learning curve here. The only thing I’ve found a problem with after a couple days is ’Scrabble Online’ which won’t install... Now on Windows 10 so I can use the whole 32GB memory.This laptop replaces my old Dell Dell Inspiron N7010, which was not able to process my all-night DSLR time-lapse images effectively... Working with those files in Bridge or Nikon ViewNX 2 was an exercise in frustration.Desktop: My old desktop system vintage mid 2011: At that time I was toying with the idea of upgrading my computer system, then Fry’s sealed the deal by putting the motherboard and processor I wanted on sale! I’m using the fas
https://diarynote-jp.indered.space
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Lynkeos Lynkeos is a Cocoa (Mac OS X) application dedicated to the processing of astronomical (mainly planetary) images taken with a webcam through a telescope. It runs on Intel Macintoshes. It is optimized for vectorized instructions sets (SSE) and for multi-processor and multi-core machines.The following software packages display or manipulate the relativelysimple class of FITS data files that containing 2-dimensional images, often of celestial objects in the night sky. It should be noted that FITS is a very generaldata format that is used for many different typesof astronomical data sets, so these packages are not necessarily capable ofreading every type of FITS file.Developers of new image display programs should be aware of the special requirements foreffectively displaying FITS images. FITS Image Viewers
*This software is an open source program used for image processing. This can be used for a variety of work like rescaling, cropping, gamma correction, color balancing as.
*Windows and OS X Support Nebulosity is a cross-platform application. It runs natively in Windows (Win7-32/64, 8, 10) and in OS X 10.7-10.14 (Intel only - Version 2 supported PPC processors - Version 3.0.7 was the last to support OS X 10.5). While Nebulosity itself is fully cross-platform, many of the camera drivers required for image capture are not. Under OS X, camera control and image.
*Image viewers for PC and Macs - an extensive listing of commercial and freeware image processing software compiledby the Astronomy Education Committee.
*Aladin - Interactive Sky Atlas
*APLpy - Astronomical Plotting Libraryin Python is a Python module aimed at producing publication-quality plots of astronomical imaging data in FITS format.
*Aperture Photometry Tool -interactive software tool for visualizing and performing aperture photometrymeasurements on astronomical images.
*ASTAP: viewer, image stacker, plate solver This program, available as an executable on Windows, Macs and most varieties of Linux, supports 8, 16, and 32 bit integerimages and also 32-bit floating point. including images using FITS compression. Users can determine the astrometric properties of images, stack and display them,including blind solving of the astrometry of each image using the GAIA database.
* AstroImageJ: processing, modeling and plotting astronomical image data in one package based upon the ImageJ Java library.
*Avis FITS Viewer - a FITS viewer for Windows. Only reads 8 and 16 bit FITS images.Converts to RAW, TIF, TGA, BMP, and JPEG formats
*CCDLAB- a FITS image viewer and data reducer for Windows platformsbased upon the JPFITS FITS file interface.Features includefunctionality for manipulating the image data and header keywords,batch processing, general image reduction, source detection,and automatic or manual World Coordinate solutions.
*Clearsky viewer- a javascript library for viewing a FITS image. Features include multiple regions of interest, stats, contrast, magnifying glass andmore.
*ds9 (SAOImage ) - astronomical visualization application from SAO
*FITS Liberator - a plug-in for Adobe Photoshop for manipulating FITS format images. Also works withPhotoshop Elements 2. Includes a short introduction toastronomicalimage processing.
*Fits4Win2 Viewer (shareware with free beta version)- a FITS viewer for Windows. Works as an extension to Windows Explorer and includessupport for viewing thumbnail images of FITS files.
*FitsPlug v2.0 (shareware with free beta version)- a FITS plug-in for Adobe Photoshop for Windows
*FITSview - FITS image viewer from NRAO
*fv - FITS file viewer and editor (supports FITS images and FITS tables)
*GAIA - an image display and analysis tool from the U.K. Starlink Project. It is a derivativeof the ESO SkyCat tool
*giv - A cross platform (posix andWindows) image viewer designed especially for scientific vision and computational geometry. Supports interactivebrightness and contrast adjustment of 2D images and 3D cubes in various dataformats, including FITS. Also supports drawing vector graphics on top of the image.
*GLnemo2 - aninteractive 3D visualization program for n-body snapshots which supports2D and 3D FITS data, as well as other data formats. GLnemo2 is open source, multi-platform (linux, MacosX, windows), and uses qt5 API and openGL hardware acceleration.
*ImageJ - a public domain, Java-based image processing program developed at the National Institutes of Health. ImageJ was designed with an open architecture that provides extensibility via Java plugins and recordable macros. It supports 8-bit and 16-bit integer and 32-bit floatingpoint images and RGB color images.
*ImageTOOLSca (shareware, with a free trial period) - a FITS image viewer for Windows. Supports 16 and 32 bit integer FITS images.It can convert to or from other image formats such as TIFF, JPG, BMP, and Photoshop PSD, and can create AVI animations from a sequence of images.Also supports some image processingtasks such as bias subtraction and flatfielding.
*JS9 - next generation astronomical visualization from SAO for both desktop and web applications.
*KStars -KStars is free, open source, cross-platform (Linux, OSX, Windows) Astronomy Software. It provides an accurate graphical simulation of the night sky, from any location on Earth, at any date and time. KStars FITS Viewer tool supports grey scale and color (3D Cube) across all bit depths. It can display captured images from INDI cameras and video cameras.
*Libvips -a fully demand-driven, threaded image processing library with no image size limits and with good support for colour. Reads and writes FITS images, as well asTIFF, JPEG, PPM, PNG, and other file formats. Has interfaces to C, C++ and Python,and a command-line interface that can be called from shell scripts.
*MicroObservatoryImage 2.0 - astronomical image display program works with FITS and GIFimages on PCs and Macs. Can also perform mathematical image processingoperations on multiple images.
*PhAst - A flexible IDL tool to display and analyze FITS images. It can calibrate raw images, provide astrometric solutions, and do circular aperture photometry. PhAst allows the user to load, process, and blink any number of images. Requires either an IDL license, or installation of the (free) IDL Virtual Machine.
*QFitsView - An image viewer for 1-D, 2-D, and 3_D FITS images. It is written in C++ and uses the Qt widget library. Binary executables for Microsoft Windows, Linux, and Mac OSX, as well as the source code, are available.
*RSpec - A Windows software package with manyspectroscopic analysis features that can process 2D FITS images and 1D tables. Canremove background, rotate, extract and process profiles.30-day free trial version available.
*SkyCat - ESO tool combines image visualization and access to catalogs
*Tria -an advanced image processing suite for Windows platforms (only), including deconvolution, image registration, and noise filtering functions. SupportsFITS, TIFF, BMP, JPEG, PNG, and WMF image formats.
*xv (shareware) - interactive imagemanipulation program for X Window systems
*xINDI - xINDI is a suite of native astronomical software tools for MacOS X built around INDI standard. It consists of binary INDI distribution wrapped into INDI Server application, INDI Control Panel application and FITS Viewer. The viewer is based on CFITSIO library and supports all standard monochromatic and color FITS image formats. It shows both an image (zoomed and stretched automatically, but manual correction of black and white point is available) and the image metadata.Image Format Converters - FITS to/from GIF, JPEG, etc
*Netpbm - a package of graphics programs and programming library. Thedocumentation is on-line.In particular, see the fitstopmnandpmntofits programs. To first order, the following command converts a jpeg image to a FITS image on most Linux systems: djpeg file.jpg | pnmtofits > file.fits where ’djpeg’ is available in the libjpeg RPM package.
*ImageMagick - read, write, and manipulate images in over 68 formats
*pbmplus - image file format conversion package
*gimp - GNU Image Manipulation Package
*FITS2jpeg - a FITS to jpeg converter provided by Bill Cotton (NRAO). It needs the CFITSIO and libjpeg libraries and produces grayscale images.
*SAOImage ds9 - this FITS visualization application from SAO allows the image tobe saved as a jpeg, tiff, png, or ppm file on disk (use File->Saveas->Image...). This currently requires Ghostscript version 6.5 or higherin the path. From there one can go to gif format using xv. Anotheroption to is save the image as Postscript (File->Print...->File...) andthen use Ghostscript to convert to gif. (Provided gs was build witha corresponding gif driver included). The ds9 operations can bebuilt into a script using the XPA mechanism.
As an example, the following command will open the file ’name.fits’, zoom it to fit the window,save it in JPEG format to the file ’filename.jpeg’, and then exit
ds9 name.fits -zoom to fit -saveimage jpeg filename.jpeg -exit
Other output image formats, besides jpeg, are png, tiff, ppm, and mpeg.Optionally, one can add ’-zscale’ or ’-geometry 800x800’ options to customizethe output image. These options and more are described using ’ds9 --help’.
*MicroObservatoryImage 2.0- Image display and processing program can perform FITS to GIF conversion and create RGB color images or animated GIF files.
*fts2gif - a simple FITS to gif converter written by Michal Szymanski (Warsaw University Observatory). It requires the’raw2gif’ application from the giflib-3.0 library (Linux and Solaris versions of raw2gifare included in the fts2gif tar file).
*ImageTOOLSca - (shareware, with a free trial period) converts 16 and 32 bitinteger FITS images to or from other formats such as TIFF, JPG, BMP, and Photoshop PSD, and can create AVI animations from a sequence of images.
*VOConvert- a tool for converting ASCII or FITS tables toVOTable format.This tool was developed as part of the Virtual ObservatoryIndia initiative.Notes Regarding the Display of FITS Images
An application intended to render a FITS image for viewing by a user has significantly more responsibility than an application intended to handle other standard image formats (e.g., ’jpg’ or ’gif’ images). FITS data arrays contain elements which typically represent the values of a physical quantity at some coordinate location. Consequently they need not contain any pixel rendering information in the form of transfer functions, and there is no mechanism for color look-up tables. An application should provide this functionality, either statically using a more or less sophisticated algorithm, or interactively allowing a user various degrees of choice.(See also, ashort introduction to astronomical image processing).
Furthermore, the elements in a FITS data array may be integers or floating point numbers. The dynamic range of the data array values may exceed that of the display medium and the eye, and their distribution may be highly nonuniform. Logarithmic, square-root, and quadratic transfer functions along with histogram equalization techniques have proved helpful for rendering FITS data arrays. Some elements of the array may have values which indicate that their data are undefined or invalid; these should be rendered distinctly.
The data array in a FITS image must have a dimensionality between 1 and 999, the boundaries inclusive, indicated by the NAXIS keyword. The extent of any coordinate axis in a FITS data array may, however, consist of only a single element. Hence an algorithm designed to render two-dimensional images will be capable of displaying a three- or four-dimensional FITS array when one or two of the axes consist of a single pixel.
Three-dimensional data arrays (NAXIS=3 with multiple elements along each) are of special interest. Inspection of the World Coordinate System (WCS) keywords in an image with NAXIS = 3 or more may indicate that one of the axes is temporal. Writers of viewer applications should consider presenting such an image in a fashion akin to that used for an animated GIF. Even in the absence of WCS indication of a temporal axis this time-lapse display technique can be effective, and application writers should consider offering it for all three-dimensional arrays.
A FITS image with NAXIS=1 is a one-dimensional entity such as a spectrum or a time series. Writers of applications intended to handle these one-dimensional FITS images should consider presenting such an image as a graphical plot rather than as a two-dimensional picture with a single row.Home | Verifier |News | Docs | WCS | Samples | Libraries | Viewers | Utilities | Keywords | Conventions | ResourcesLast revised: Sunday, 17-Jan-2021 17:35:01 ESTContact us: fits @ fits.gsfc.nasa.govHosted by: The HEASARC (High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center)Responsible NASA representative: Dr. Alan P. SmalePrivacy, Security & Accessibility Statements.
The Astronomy Tools Action Set (sometimes called “Carboni’s Tools”) is a collection of one-click Photoshop “actions” that allow you to save time during the image processing stages of astrophotography. Astrophotography by Scott Rosen, Dark Nebulae, IC, Sh, B, Vdb, and Abell Nebulae, Reflection Nebulae, Open Clusters, Abell Galaxies, Spiral Galaxies, Galaxy Clusters, Planetary Nebulae, Globular Clusters, Elliptical Galaxies, Messier Galaxies, NGC Galaxies, Galaxies by Catalog, Arp Galaxies, IC Galaxies, Other Galaxies, Emission Nebulae, Supernova Remnants, Nebulae by Catalog, Messier Nebulae. Noel Carboni Astronomy Tools Worth Buying? - posted in DSLR & Digital Camera Astro Imaging & Processing: Hi all, Im looking for advice and opinions concerning Noel Carbonis Astronomy Tools (Photoshop action tools). Are these actions an aid in developing or fixing your astro photos? Do any of you use these actions as a normal part of your image processing workflow. Are they worth the price of. Astronomy Tools Action Set Review. The Astronomy Tools Action Set (sometimes called “Carboni’s Tools”) is a collection of one-click Photoshop “actions” that allow you to save time during the image processing stages of astrophotography.Processing astronomy pictures has always stressed computer systems. (Newer DSLR cameras, like my Nikon D610 with 24.3 megapixel images or my D810 with 36 MP (and now D850 with 45.7 megapixels), also create large files that are difficult for even fast computers to handle in bulk.) New image processing techniques, such as drizzle and deconvolution algorithms, are extremely computer-intensive. (More on the equipment used to capture the images is here.)Software for Image Processing It turns out I’ve acquired and use quite a number of astronomy and image processing titles. The following work OK with Windows 7, 64bit:
*PixInsight
*MaximDL 5 - Controls the SBIG ST-8300M camera and filter wheel, also does batch image process which I use for image reduction (i.e., flats, darks, etc.)
*Nebulosity - Control the QHY8 CCD camera, capture .fit files...
*Photoshop - Check image quality while imaging, and final processing; it is the last tool I use to process images for publication (CS2 and CS5)
*Registar - Combine images, my primary ’stacking’ tool
*ImagesPlus - Process DSLR images
*Neat Image - Noise reduction
*Noel Carboni’s Astronomy Tools - Photoshop actions to do things like select stars and tighten them up
*GradientXterminator - Photoshop plugin to remove unwanted gradients
*Deep Sky Stacker - Drizzle combinations and some stacking
*The Sky (I have 5, 6, and X)Not in use:
*GoldFocus - Software that works in conjunction with a bahtinov mask to analyze and announce focus corrections - did not work well for me
*CCDSoft - This came with my SBIG ST-8300 camera. Prerelease v206 controls the new filter wheel. This software performs many of the functions of the separate programs below. I find it also has many annoying behaviors, especially when focusing with the focus windows being tiny and partially hidden.
*AIP4WIN - deconvolution - seems to have stopped working after an upgrade somewhere but I haven’t pursued itHardware for Image ProcessingNew Desktop July 2019 System:
*Processor: Intel Core i9-9900K Desktop Processor 8 Cores up to 5.0 GHz Turbo unlocked LGA1151 300 Series 95W
*CPU Cooler: (Going with an air-cooled solution for now) Noctua NH-D15, Premium CPU Cooler with 2x NF-A15 PWM 140mm Fans
*64GB Memory: CORSAIR DOMINATOR PLATINUM 64GB (4x16GB) DDR4 3200MHz C16 Desktop Memory - CMD64GX4M4C3200C16
*Motherboard: ASRock Z390 Taichi Ultimate (link) - This is one of the few Mobos that supports 8 SATA channels, which I really needed due to the large # of disk drives I run to hold all my pics
*Graphics Card (2070): EVGA GeForce RTX 2070 XC Ultra Gaming, 8GB GDDR6, Dual HDB Fans & RGB LED Graphics Card 08G-P4-2173-KR
*Case: Phanteks Enthoo Series Primo Aluminum ATX Ultimate Full Tower Computer Case PH-ES813P_BL (link)
*OS/Boot Drive: Samsung 970 EVO Plus Series - 1TB PCIe NVMe - M.2 Internal SSD (MZ-V7S1T0B/AM)
*Working Photographs Drive: Samsung 970 EVO Plus Series - 2TB PCIe NVMe - M.2 Internal SSD (MZ-V7S2T0B/AM)
*Optical Drive: LG Electronics 14x SATA Blu-ray Internal Rewriter without Software, Black (WH14NS40)
*Power Supply: EVGA Supernova 850 G3, 80 Plus Gold 850W, Fully Modular, Eco Mode with New HDB Fan, 10 Year Warranty, Includes Power ON Self Tester, Compact 150mm Size, Power Supply 220-G3-0850-X12019 Laptop:
*Dell XPS 15 7590
*9th Generation Intel(R) Core(T M) i9-9980HK (16MB Cache, up t o 5.0 GHz, 8 cores)
*NVIDIA(R) GeForce(R) GTX 1650 4GB GDDR5
*15.6’ 4K UHD (3840 x 2160) InfinityEdge Anti-Reflective Touch IPS 100% AdobeRGB 500-Nits d isplay
*32GB DDR4-2666MHz, 2x16G
*2TB PCIe Solid State Drive6-Cell 97WHr Integrated
*130W Power AdapterOld Laptop: I acquired a new laptop for field processing 4/2014: ASUS ROG G750JZ-DS71 17.3-inch Gaming Laptop, GeForce GTX 880M Graphics
*Intel Core i7-4700HQ 2.4Ghz (Turbo 3.4 GHz)
*24 GB DDR3 (twice my desktop’s memory!)
*1TB 7200 rpm HD, 128GB x 2 (256 GB Total) Solid-State Drive
*17.3-Inch matte screen, 1920x1080 pixels (’full HD’), contrast 950:1, color gamut 95% of sRGB and 74% of Adobe RGB
*Blu-ray BD-ROM
*Windows 8.1 - Quite a learning curve here. The only thing I’ve found a problem with after a couple days is ’Scrabble Online’ which won’t install... Now on Windows 10 so I can use the whole 32GB memory.This laptop replaces my old Dell Dell Inspiron N7010, which was not able to process my all-night DSLR time-lapse images effectively... Working with those files in Bridge or Nikon ViewNX 2 was an exercise in frustration.Desktop: My old desktop system vintage mid 2011: At that time I was toying with the idea of upgrading my computer system, then Fry’s sealed the deal by putting the motherboard and processor I wanted on sale! I’m using the fas
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